7.6. Genetyka guzów litych
1655-LekM5ONKGEN-J
The lecture is aimed at acquiring and consolidating knowledge in the field molecular and genetic processes leading to the development of malignant tumors and hereditary human tumors. Transfer of knowledge in the field of genetic and epigenetic biomarkers in oncology, systematization of changes in terms of nosology as well as prognostic and predictive biomarkers; indication of the role of laboratory genetic tests in the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention and monitoring of cancer; transfer of knowledge on the basics of cancer genetics, including the detection of constitutive and somatic changes, interpretation of results and the possibility of using targeted therapies or immunotherapy. Discussion of standard and modern diagnostic methods used in the genetic laboratory, including early cancer diagnosis and the search for potential prognostic and predictive factors for therapies used in oncology, with particular emphasis on molecularly targeted therapies. Discussion of the algorithm of proceeding in the diagnosis of constitutive versus acquired lesions. The lecture is intended to consolidate the diagnostic value of tests and their usefulness in the diagnostic and therapeutic process and to present the interdisciplinary cooperation of a physician-oncologist, physician-geneticist and diagnostic molecular biologist. Classes are devoted to familiarizing with a modern genetic laboratory, consolidating the principles of functioning of a genetic diagnostic laboratory working with molecular biology methods, starting from the acceptance of the material (for the study of acquired changes - additional qualification of the material by a pathologist for genetic testing) through traditional and then a new, innovative methodology of the tests performed and ending with on the release of the test result. In addition, exercises are devoted to case analysis and interpretation of genetic results for constitutive and somatic changes.
Całkowity nakład pracy studenta
1. The workload related to the classes requiring the direct participation of academic teachers is:
- participation in lectures: 8 hours
- participation in seminars: 10 hours
- participation in exercises: 6 hours
- consultation: 1 hour
- completion of the test: 1 hour
The workload related to the activities requiring the direct participation of academic teachers amounts to
26 hours, corresponding to 1.04 ECTS points
2. Balance of student workload:
- participation in lectures: 8 hours
- participation in seminars: 10 hours
-participation in exercises: 6 hourse
- consultation: 1 hour
- preparation for the seminar (including reading the indicated literature): 1.5 hours
- preparation for exercises (including reading the indicated literature): 1..5 hours
- preparation for passing and passing: 9 + 0.5 = 9.5 hours
The total student workload is 13.5 hours, which corresponds to 0.54 ECTS points
3. 3. Workload related to the conducted research
- reading the indicated scientific literature: 3 hours, taking into account the results of scientific research conducted at the Department of Genetics and Molecular Oncology of the Oncology Center
- participation in lectures: 6 hours
- participation in seminars: 10 hours
- participation in exercises: 6 hours
- consultation: 1 hour
The total student workload related to the conducted research is 26 hours, which corresponds to
1.04 ECTS points
4. Time required to prepare and participate in the assessment process:
- preparation for exercises and seminar: 1.5 hours
- preparation for passing and passing: 1.5 + 1 = 2.5 hours
- 4 hours (0.16 ECTS points)
5. Balance of the student's workload of a practical nature:
- participation in exercises: 6 hours
- participation in seminars: 10 hours
The total amount of student work of a practical nature is
16 hours, which corresponds to 0.64 ECTS points
6. Time required for compulsory practice:
not applicable
Efekty uczenia się - wiedza
W1: (A) Discuss the molecular and genetic processes leading to the development of malignant tumors and hereditary human tumours; (B) Lists hereditary cancer risk syndromes (C.W7, C.W9). W2. Presents personalized oncology (C.W7, C.W9, C.W.41). W3. Characterizes genetic and epigenetic biomarkers in oncology; (C.W7, C.W9, C.W.41, E.W.24). W4. Discusses international quality assessments of genetic testing; knows the basic problems of the pre-laboratory and post-laboratory phase of testing (including: non-analytical factors affecting the reliability of laboratory test results). (C.W7, C.W.9. E.W.39). W5. Discusses hereditary human cancers; standard and modern diagnostic methods used in the genetic laboratory, including early detection of constitutive changes in families with a high hereditary risk of malignant tumors; indicates international standards for interpreting sequencing results for constitutive changes. (C.W7, C.W9, E.W.24). W6.Discuss standard and modern diagnostic methods used in the genetic laboratory, including prognostic and predictive factors for therapies used in oncology, with particular emphasis on molecularly targeted therapies (C.W7, C.W9, C.W.41, C.W.42, E.W.26). W7.Introduces the latest technologies as tools in oncology, including (A) NGS [Next Generation Sequencing: fresh vs archived material; detection and interpretation of changes, multi-gene panels; international standards for the interpretation of next-generation sequencing results for somatic lesions.) and (B) liquid biopsy; (E.W.26, ). W8: Recreates the diagnostic algorithm for (A) oncological patients (B) families of high hereditary cancer risk. It defines the role and place of the oncologist, geneticist and diagnostic molecular biologist in genetic oncology diagnostics. Familiarization with the current aspects of genetic research in selected drug programs and ministerial programs. Discussion of the need to validate and standardize diagnostic tests. Emphasizing the role and necessity of screening tests in oncology, including genetic tests (C K_W40, C K_W41, E K_W24, E K_W26,).
Efekty uczenia się - umiejętności
Student:
U1. Correctly distinguishes examinations in the detection of somatic versus constitutive changes; distinguishes between constitutive changes and acquired changes, including changes associated with the acquisition of drug resistance by cancer cells (C.U3). U2. He knows the algorithm of proceeding in the study of acquired changes in oncological patients (molecular cytogenetics and molecular genetics) versus constitutive changes in families of high, hereditary risk of malignant tumors. Makes decisions about the need to perform genetic tests (C.U3) identifies indications for tests for acquired or constitutive changes in the field of oncogenetics), (E.U16, C.U3). U3. Knows the functioning of the genetic diagnostic laboratory, starting from the acceptance of the material by the molecular methodology of the performed tests and ending with the issuance of the genetic test result. (C.U3, E.U16, E.U28) U4. He learns about the latest achievements in the field of molecular and genetic processes leading to the development of malignant tumors and hereditary human tumours. Able to assess the diagnostic value of tests and their usefulness in the diagnostic process. (E.U24) U5. He knows the international standards for interpreting the results of next-generation sequencing (I-V scale). Interprets the results of genetic tests of constitutive changes. Identifies indications for carrying out the mutation carrier test of the tested gene in other family members. interprets genetic results of changes interprets genetic results of constitutive and acquired changes in oncology using current guidelines for innovative technologies, including next generation sequencing (C.U3, E.U24) U6. He knows the international standards for interpreting the results of next-generation sequencing from cancer tissue (scale I-IV). Interprets the results of changes and makes further decisions related to the assessment of somatic or constitutive changes. Interprets genetic results of constitutive and acquired changes in oncology using current guidelines for innovative technologies, including next generation sequencing (E.U24).
Efekty uczenia się - kompetencje społeczne
K_K06. implementing the principles of professional camaraderie and cooperation in a team of specialists, including representatives of other medical professions, also in a multicultural and multinational environment K_K07. noticing and recognizing one's own limitations and making self-assessment of educational deficits and needs
Metody dydaktyczne
Lectures: • informative lecture with the possibility of discussion Seminars: • seminars and multimedia presentations Exercises: • subject exercises • case analysis and interpretation of genetic results (constitutive changes) • case analysis and interpretation of genetic results (somatic changes)
Metody dydaktyczne podające
- wykład konwersatoryjny
- wykład problemowy
Metody dydaktyczne poszukujące
- seminaryjna
- studium przypadku
- ćwiczeniowa
- obserwacji
Wymagania wstępne
A student commencing education in the field of cancer genetics should have knowledge of the basics of medical genetics and molecular biology
Koordynatorzy przedmiotu
Kryteria oceniania
Learning outcomes: W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6 - written exam. The course exam consists of two parts: part I - 10 single-choice test questions, part II - 5 open-ended questions with a short answer. Exam it includes issues discussed during classes, lectures and included in the obligatory literature. The condition for passing the exam is to obtain 56% of the test points. The exam grade will be awarded according to the following guidelines: 56-68% satisfactory 69-76% satisfactory plus 77-84% good 85-92% good plus 93-100% very good TUTORIALS and SEMINARS: laboratory report, interpretation of genetic results. The maximum number of points a student can obtain is 12. Activity in the field of social competences will be assessed in the point system. The maximum number of points a student can get is 3. Completion of classes and seminars is a prerequisite for passing the course. Students who obtain at least 14 points during classes may be rewarded with additional privileges, e.g. exemption from the colloquium or raising the grade from the colloquium. LECTURES Colloquium in the point system. The course credit consists of two parts: part I - 10 test questions, part II - 5 open-ended questions with a short answer. The colloquium includes issues discussed during classes, + lectures and included in the required literature. The condition for passing the exam is to obtain 56% of the test points. The exam grade will be awarded in accordance with the following guidelines: 15-14 points very good 13 db plus points 12-11 db points 10 points is a sufficient plus 9 points sufficient (above 56%) 8 points - failed
Praktyki zawodowe
Literatura
Primary: literature
“Abeloff's Clinical Oncology, 6th Edition; Authors : John E. Niederhuber & James O. Armitage & James H Doroshow & Michael B. Kastan & Joel E. 2019
Prognostic and predictive biomarkers: tools in personalized oncology.”Nalejska E, Mączyńska E, Lewandowska MA. Mol Diagn Ther. 2014”
Recommendations for the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for patients with metastatic cancers: a report from the ESMO Precision Medicine Working Group Annals of Oncology Volume 31, Issue 11, November 2020, Pages 1491-1505
Uwagi
Więcej informacji
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