Immunology and immunopathology 2600-S1-CM-IMM

The course is conducted through lectures and laboratory exercises.

The primary objective is to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the structure, functioning, and both the positive and negative roles of the immune system. Students gain extensive knowledge about key mechanisms involved in immune responses to various types of antigens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and allergens. Special attention is given to the inflammatory process and the importance of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which are essential for proper immune system function and immune response development.

Lectures cover the detailed structure and functioning of the central (bone marrow, thymus) and peripheral (lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils) immune systems. Students acquire knowledge about innate and adaptive defense mechanisms, including the roles of key immune cells, such as B and T lymphocytes. Topics related to immunological memory, mechanisms of immune tolerance, and autoimmunity are also addressed.

Laboratory exercises focus on the practical aspects of the lymphatic system's functioning and the analysis of the structure and significance of lymphatic organs in the context of immune responses. Students analyze histological preparations of these organs, allowing them to understand their structure and function. A crucial part of the sessions involves learning techniques for preparing, fixing, and staining blood smears to identify immune system cells.

Additionally, basic immunological techniques with broad diagnostic and therapeutic applications are explored. Students learn the principles and conduct immunological tests based on antigen-antibody interactions, such as the ELISA immunoenzymatic test and agglutination reactions. A practical example of these methods is blood typing in the AB0 and Rh systems. Moreover, students are trained in the isolation of immune cells from mammalian peripheral blood and their culture in vitro, enabling them to understand immune system functions at the cellular level.

Thanks to this comprehensive theoretical and practical approach, students acquire the knowledge and skills essential for understanding the functioning of the immune system and its application in the diagnostics and treatment of immunological diseases.