Eye and optometric instruments 0800-OKPROP

The lecture is dedicated to the optics of the human eye and optometric instruments.
It consists of issues related to the construction and functioning of the eye, the properties of the optical system of the eye including its defects and methods of their correction and the mechanism of color vision:

- the structure, properties and functioning of the eye,
- geometric optics of lenses and their systems,
- construction of the optical system of the eye - a regular eye, a schematic eye of Gullstrand,
- defects in the optical system of the eye,
- methods of correction of vision defects,
- color vision, retina construction, photochemistry of the visual process.
- elements of neurophysiology of the visual process,

and discussion of the construction and operating principles of instruments used for ophthalmic and optometric measurements:

-biometer (ultrasonic, optical) - measurement of intraocular distances,
- OCT tomograph - 3D imaging of the inside of the eye,
- tonometer - intraocular pressure measurement,
- perimeter - measurement of the field of view,
- keratometer (ophthalmometer) - measuring the shape of the cornea,
- ophthalmoscope and biomicroscope (slit lamp + stereoscopic microscope) - imaging the interior of the eye,
- retinoscope (skiascope) - eye refraction measurement,
- optometer (refractometer, autorefractometr) - eye refraction measurement.

Total student workload

- hours carried out with the participation of the teacher: 30 h - time spent on individual work needed to successfully complete the course: 25h - time required to prepare and participate in the assessment process: 20 h

Learning outcomes - knowledge

W1: student knows the structure and operation principle of the optical system of the eye, the methods of diagnosis and correction of refractive errors, and the construction and operation of optometric instruments. Acquires knowledge about the interaction of light with matter and methods of using light for diagnostics and therapy W2: K_W03 (2s - technical physics) - knows the operation principle of measurement systems and instrumentation specific for the area of physics applications in the studied specialty

Learning outcomes - skills

U1: K_U01 (2s - technical physics) - student can apply the scientific method in problem solving, experiments implementation and inference U2: K_U02 (2s - technical physics) - has the ability to plan and conduct advanced experiments or observations in specific areas of physics or its applications U3: K_U03 (2s - technical physics) - can make a critical analysis of the results of measurements, observations or theoretical calculations together with the evaluation of the accuracy of results U4: K_U05 (2s - technical physics) - has the ability to synthesize methods and typical concepts in the area of the studied specialty U5: K_U08 (2s - technical physics) - can determine the directions of further supplementing knowledge and skills (including self-education) in the field of the chosen specialty and beyond it

Learning outcomes - social competencies

K1: K_K01 (2s - technical physics) - student knows the limits of own knowledge and skills; can precisely formulate questions; understands the need for further education

Expository teaching methods

- informative (conventional) lecture

Type of course

specific course (attribute withdrawn)

Prerequisites

Knowledge of the basics of physics acquired from general physics lectures

Course coordinators

Katarzyna Komar

Assessment criteria

oral exam: W1, U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, K1

Exam issues regarding eye optics and optometric devices:

1. Spherical refracting surface, refractive power, sign convention.
2. Cardinal planes (principal, focal and nodal) of the thick lens.
3. Graphical construction of the image created by the lens, the dependence of the image position on the position of the object, transverse magnification.
4. The refractive power of the system of two lenses, the location of the principal planes of the system.
5. Anatomical structure of the eye.
6. Elements of the optical system of the eye and its models.
7. Image distorsions of lens systems and the optical system of the eye.
8. Optical parameters of the schematic eye according to Gullstrand, matrix description.
9. Concepts of far and near points, refraction of the eye, ability to accommodate, presbyopia.
10. Myopia and hyperopia (axial and refractive).
11. Astigmatism of the eye, its various variants, the measure of astigmatism of the refracting toric surface.
12. Visual acuity, angular resolution, Snellen boards (optotypes).
13. Correction of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism, the importance of the distance of the corrective lens from the eye.
14. List the basic methods and instruments for eye and vision examination.
15. Specify ways to determine the refraction of the eye.
16. Methods for measuring intraocular pressure.
17. Corneal curvature measurement methods (keratoscope, ophthalmometer - construction and principle of operation).
18. Construction and use of a biomicroscope.
19. Construction and operation of the ophthalmoscope.
20. Determining the refraction of the eye using the skiascopy method (retinoscope).
21. Optometers (refractometers, autorefractometers), their structure and operating principle.
22. Structure of the retina, spectral sensitivity of the eye, photopic and scotopic vision.
23. Structure of the retinal photoreceptor cell.
24. Mechanism of nerve impulse generation under the influence of the light stimulus.
25. The mechanism of color vision.

Bibliography

1. J. Bartkowska, Optyka i korekcja wad wzroku, PZWL, W-wa 1996,
2. M. Zając, Optyka okularowa, Dolnośląskie Wyd. Edukacyjne, Wrocław 2003,
3. M. Zając, Optyka w zadaniach dla optometrystów, Dolnośląskie Wyd. Edukacyjne, Wrocław 2011,
4. T. Grosvenor, Optometria, Elsevier Urban & Partner, Wrocław 2011

Additional information

Additional information (registration calendar, class conductors, localization and schedules of classes), might be available in the USOSweb system:

Description of 0800-OKPROP in USOSweb