Biochemistry 0600-S1-ChK-Bio

The lecture is intended to provide theoretical knowledge covering the following content: Cell as a structural and functional unit of living organisms. Structure and functions of selected subcellular structures in plant and animal cells. Amino acids and proteins - properties, structure and functions. Techniques used in the study of proteins. Sugars (division and nomenclature, monosaccharides, glycosides - glycosidic bond, polysaccharides). Nucleic acids and protein biosynthesis (structure of nucleic acids, replication, transcription, genetic code, translation). Lipids - structure and biological functions. Biological membranes - structure, functions, transport across membranes. Enzymes and biocatalysis (classification and nomenclature, enzyme kinetics, coenzymes, vitamins). Basic concepts of metabolism (sources of energy and starting materials; general strategy of metabolism; ATP as an energy carrier - high-energy bonds, types of phosphorylation; NAD(P) - electron carriers, biological processes of oxidation and reduction; structure and functions of coenzyme A). Obtaining energy in metabolic processes (glycolysis, oxidative pyruvate decarboxylation, Krebs cycle, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, amino acid transformations - deamination, transamination, urea cycle). The respiratory chain as the last stage of cellular oxidation (mitochondrial electron transport, proton gradient and ATP synthesis in the process of oxidative phosphorylation). Gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose from non-sugar precursors).